Pipework Energy Losses

This compact bench-top apparatus uses smooth, industry standard plastic pipe, commonly used in domestic and other small-bore water systems. 

This apparatus has a single circuit with bends, pressure tappings and an expansion-contraction. A ball valve at the pipe exit controls water flow. The product includes a hand-pump to adjust the datum of the piezometer tubes. A useful diagram on the apparatus shows the main dimensions of the pipework and fittings. It also shows the positions of the tappings and the tubes that they connect to. 

During experiments, these tubes measure and compare pressure differences across the bends, expansion and contraction. Each pressure tapping point in the pipe connects to a piezometer tube in the vertical panel of the apparatus.